Self-organization

"Self-organization is a process in which the internal organization of a system, normally an open system, improves automatically without being guided or managed by an outside source". (Wikipedia, 2006).

Traditional knowledge organization systems provided by specialists in Library and Information Science (LIS) are not self-organizing systems, while, for example, forms of bibliometric knowledge organization are.

Literature:

Faba-Perez, C.; Guerrero-Bote, V. P. & de Moya-Anegon, F. (2005). Self-organizing maps of Web spaces based on formal characteristics. Information Processing & Management, 41(2), 331-346.

Goren-Bar, D. & Kuflik, T. (2005). Supporting user-subjective categorization with self-organizing maps and learning vector quantization. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 56(4), 345-355.

Kiang, M. Y. & Kumar, A. (2001). An evaluation of self-organizing map networks as a robust alternative to factor analysis in data mining applications. Information Systems Research, 12(2), 177-194.

Leydesdorff, L. 2001. A Sociological Theory of Communication: The Self-Organization of the Knowledge-Based Society. Parkland, FL: Universal Publishers; at http://www.upublish.com/books/leydesdorff.htm

Leydesdorff, L. (2003). Empirical evidence of self-organization? A rejoinder. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(8), 804-804.

Leydesdorff, L. & Heimeriks, G. (2001). The self-organization of the European information society: The case of "biotechnology". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52(14), 1262-1274.

Polanco, X.; Francois, C. & Lamirel, J. C. (2001). Using artificial neural networks for mapping of science and technology: A multi-self-organizing-maps approach. Scientometrics, 51(1), 267-292.

van den Besselaar, P. (2003). Empirical evidence of self-organization? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(1), 87-90.

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2006). Self-organization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-organization

Wu, Q. S.; Iyengar, S. S. & Zhu, M. X. (2001). Web image retrieval using self-organizing feature map. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52(10), 868-875.